Indlela yokuthobela imithetho xa uthengisa impahla kunye namalaphu kwi-EU nase-UK

Indlela yokuthobela imithetho xa uthengisa impahla kunye namalaphu kwi-EU nase-UK

Kutshanje, abathengisi abaninzi beAmazon baye badibana nemiba yokhuseleko xa bethengisa amalaphu kunye neempahla eYurophu nase-UK. Izizathu zokususwa kuluhlu kukuba azihlangabezani neemfuno zokhuseleko lwemveliso. Ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zee-imeyile zokususwa kuluhlu ziquka:
①Ukubhalwa kweelebheli okungekho mthethweni

②Ayifikeleli kwimigangatho yokhuseleko

Ngoko ke, zeziphi iimfuno ezithile zokuthumela impahla kwi-EU nase-UK? Abathengisi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba impahla zizinto eziqhelekileyo kwaye i-Amazon izigwebe ngendlela engafanelekanga. Kodwa eneneni, i-EU kunye ne-UK zineemfuno ezingqongqo zokuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe. Iimveliso akufuneki zithobele kuphela imigangatho yokhuseleko lwempahla, kodwa mazibe neelebheli ezihambelanayo. Eli nqaku liza kukuhambisa kwiimfuno ezithile zempahla kunye neempahla kwi-EU nase-UK.

1. Ulawulo lweLabel yeLaphu kunye noMxholo weFiber (i-EU) No 1007/2011

Iimveliso zelaphu ezifakwa kwiimarike ze-EU nase-UK emva komhla wesi-8 kuMeyi 2012, kufuneka zithobele lo mmiselo (i-EU) No 1007/2011.

Okuphambili kwi-(EU) No1007/2011 kuquka: ukucacisa amagama eefayibha zelaphu, ukulebhelisha iinxalenye zefayibha zeemveliso zelaphu, kunye neendlela zokufumanisa iinxalenye zefayibha.

2. Ububanzi bokusetyenziswa kwe (EU) No 1007/2011

Umthetho we-EU Textile Regulation usebenza kwiimveliso eziquka imicu yelaphu kuphela nakwiimveliso ezibekwe kwimarike eziphathwe ngendlela efanayo nelaphu. Imizekelo yeemveliso zelaphu ibandakanya impahla, iimathi zetafile, iibhanti, iiribhoni, iintyatyambo zokwenziwa, njl.njl.

Iimveliso eziphathwa ngendlela efanayo nelaphu ziquka:
① Amalaphu afakwe kwezinye iimveliso kwaye enza inxalenye ebalulekileyo yezo mveliso, kwaye ukwakheka kwawo sele kuchongiwe;
② Iimveliso eziqulethe ubuncinane i-80% (ngokobunzima) yemicu yelaphu (okanye izithako zelaphu ezifanelekileyo);
③Ifenitshala, iiambrela kunye nee-sunshades ziqulathe ubuncinane i-80% yomthamo welaphu ngobunzima; kwaye
④Izinto zelaphu zomaleko ongaphezulu wemigubungelo yomatrasi, izigqubuthelo zezinto zokukhempisha kunye nezigqubuthelo zomgangatho ezinemigubungelo emininzi.

3. Iimfuno zomxholo weleyibhile

Phantsi kweMithetho yokuLayisha iiLayibheli kunye neFiber Content, iimveliso kufuneka ziphawulwe okanye ziphawulwe xa zibekwe kwimarike. Apha sishwankathela ulwazi olufunekayo lweelebheli:
A. Ukwakheka kwefayibha (umzekelo: ifayibha ye-polyester eyi-100%, inkcazo ethi "100%", "ecocekileyo" okanye "epheleleyo" ingasetyenziswa kuphela ukuba imveliso yelaphu yenziwe ngokupheleleyo yifayibha efanayo)
b. Iindawo ezingezizo zelaphu ezivela kwizilwanyana (umz. uboya okanye isikhumba) mazichazwe ngokucacileyo
C. Iilebheli akufuneki zibe nezifinyezo ngaphandle kweekhowudi zokucubungula ezenziwe ngoomatshini

4. Iimfuneko zokuprinta iileyibhile

Ngokubanzi, iimveliso zelaphu kufuneka zibe neelebheli eziqinileyo, ezicacileyo, ezibonakalayo nezilula ukuzisebenzisa kwimveliso okanye kwiphakheji yayo. Umzekelo, cinga ngee-T-shirts. Kucetyiswa ukuba ubeke ilebheli ngaphakathi kwemveliso, ngasentanyeni.

5. Yeyiphi imigangatho yesiqinisekiso ekufuneka ihlangabezane neempahla kunye neempahla?

①Iikhemikhali kunye neentsimbi ezinzima (REACH)

I-REACH ilawula iikhemikhali eziyingozi kwiimveliso zabathengi, kuquka impahla kunye neempahla. Amakhulu eekhemikhali asetyenziswa ekwenzeni impahla, kuquka izinto ezithathwa njengezinobungozi nezithintelweyo. Umzekelo, ii-phthalates zingasetyenziselwa ukwandisa ukukhanya kwemveliso, kodwa ziphantsi kwemiqathango ye-REACH. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zakho azinazo izinto ezidlula imida echazwe kwi-REACH.

Zeziphi izinto ezithintelweyo kakhulu kwiimpahla nakwimpahla?
Le ilandelayo yimizekelo yezinto ezithintelweyo ezifumaneka kwiimpahla namalaphu:
a. Ii-aromatic amines (ukusuka kwiidayi ze-azo, ezisetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngemibala eqaqambileyo ukuya kwimpahla)
b. I-Formaldehyde (esetyenziselwa ukonyusa ukukhawuleza kombala kunye nokumelana nemibimbi kwimpahla)
c. Ii-phthalates (zinokufumaneka kwiindawo zeplastiki zempahla okanye zelaphu kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukwandisa ukukhanya)
d. I-Pentachlorophenol (PCP) (esetyenziswa njengesithinteli kwimpahla)
e. Iikhompawundi ze-Organotin (zokusebenza kweentsholongwane kunye nokuthintela ivumba elibi elibangelwa kukubila)
f. I-Alkylphenolxyethylene ethers (APEO) (isetyenziswa njenge-surfactant)

②Umyalelo woKhuseleko lweMveliso Jikelele (i-GPSD)

I-General Product Safety Directive (GPSD) ijolise ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko ngokubanzi lweemveliso zabathengi ngaphambi kokuba zingene kwimarike ye-EU. I-GPSD igubungela iimpahla zabathengi, kuquka impahla kunye namalaphu. Ibandakanya ukhuseleko, iilebheli kunye neemfuno zamaxwebhu.

Ngokunamathela kwimigangatho ehambelanayo, imveliso yakho yempahla okanye yelaphu inokucingelwa ukuba iyahambelana neemfuno zobugcisa ze-GPSD kwiinkalo ezigutyungelwe yimigangatho. Okwangoku, kukho umgangatho omnye kuphela ofanayo wempahla phantsi kwe-GPSD:
a. EN 14682 Ukhuseleko lweempahla zabantwana – Iintambo kunye neentambo ezitsala impahla yabantwana
Xa imigangatho ehambelanayo ingekho, abathumeli okanye abavelisi beempahla okanye amalaphu basenokusebenzisa eminye imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe okanye yesizwe, efana nale:
b. EN 17394 Ukhuseleko lweempahla zabantwana – Ukhuseleko lwee-bounds eziqhotyoshwayo – Iindlela zovavanyo
c. EN 14878 Iimpahla zokunxiba – Indlela yokutsha kweempahla zokulala zabantwana – Inkcazelo

Iimfuno ze-GPSD kubathengisi:
a. Ukudalwa kunye nokugcinwa kweengxelo zovavanyo lomngcipheko
b. Yenza amaxwebhu obuchwephesha
c. Nika iilebheli zokulandeleka
d. Fumana ingxelo yovavanyo (ukuba ikhona)
e. Yenza incwadi yemiyalelo yomsebenzisi yemveliso (ukuba ikhona)

6. Zithini imigangatho ye-EN yempahla kunye nempahla?

①Imigangatho ye-EN yeempahla zabantwana
a. EN 14878 – Iimpawu zokutsha kweepijama zabantwana
b. EN 14682 – Ukhuseleko lweempahla zabantwana
c.EN 17394-1 – Iimpahla zelaphu kunye neemveliso zelaphu: Icandelo 1 – Ukhuseleko lweempahla zabantwana – Ukhuseleko lwezinto ezongeziweyo kwiimpahla zeentsana – Inkcazo
d. EN 17394-2 – Iimpahla zelaphu kunye neemveliso zelaphu: Icandelo 2 – Ukhuseleko lweempahla zabantwana – Ukhuseleko lweentambo zokubopha amaqhosha – Iindlela zovavanyo
e. EN 17394-3 – Iimpahla zelaphu kunye neemveliso zelaphu: Icandelo 3: Ukhuseleko lweempahla zabantwana – Ukhuseleko lokuncamathisela iziqwenga zesinyithi kwizicelo zoomatshini – Iindlela zovavanyo
f. EN 17394-4 – Iimpahla zelaphu kunye neemveliso zelaphu: Icandelo 4: Ukhuseleko lweempahla zabantwana – Ukhuseleko lweziqhoboshelo zezinto ezingezizo amaqhosha kunye neziqhoboshelo zezicelo zesinyithi – Iindlela zovavanyo

②EN umgangatho weempahla zokuzikhusela
a. EN ISO 20471: Iindlela zokuvavanya kunye neemfuno zeempahla ezibonakala kakhulu
b. EN 1150: Impahla yokuzikhusela. Impahla ebonakalayo engasetyenziswa njengomsebenzi wobungcali
c.EN 342: Iimpahla zokuzikhusela – iisuti kunye neempahla zemozulu ebandayo
d. EN 343: Impahla yokukhusela engangeni manzi ephefumlayo
e. EN 531: Iimpahla zokukhusela zabasebenzi bemizi-mveliso abajongene namaqondo obushushu aphezulu (ngaphandle kweempahla zabacimi-mlilo kunye nabawelda)
f. EN 13034: Impahla yokukhusela kwiikhemikhali ezingamanzi

③Imigangatho ye-EN yokulala (ngaphandle koomatrasi, iifreyimu zebhedi kunye neephedi zomatrasi)

I-EN ISO 12952-1: Ukuvavanya ukutsha kweemveliso zebhedi
I-EN ISO 12952-2: Ukuvavanya ukutsha kweemveliso zebhedi

④Umgangatho we-EN wekhaphethi

I-EN 13772: Ukulinganiswa kokusasazeka kwamalaphu elaphu ajonge ngokuthe nkqo kumakhethini kunye namakhethini phantsi kwelangatye elikhulu lomlilo

7. Imithetho yeZixhobo zoKhuseleko loMntu (PPE)

Iimveliso ezisebenzayo:
ibhulukhwe engangeni manzi
impahla ethintela umlilo
impahla ebonakala kakhulu
iiglavu zokukhusela
iindlebe

8. Iimfuno zePPE kubathengisi

Nazi ezinye zeemfuno ekufuneka zilandelwe ngabathumeli okanye abavelisi bezixhobo zokuzikhusela ngaphambi kokuba babeke iimveliso zabo kwi-EU:
Yenza incwadi yomsebenzisi
Yenza amaxwebhu obuchwephesha
Fumana ingxelo yovavanyo
Lungiselela iSibhengezo sokuThotyelwa kweMithetho (i-DoC)
Faka ilebheli yophawu lwe-CE
Nika iilebheli zokulandeleka kwemveliso

9. Ungayisebenzisa njani imveliso emva kokuba isusiwe kwiishelufu?

① Jonga ukuba ileyibhile ichanekile na

②Vavanya ngokwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yovavanyo ngokweempahla ezahlukeneyo zelaphu

③Yila i-DOC (ukuba ikhona)

④ Thatha umfanekiso wephakheji yemveliso ukuze ufake isikhalazo

⑤Le imeyile ichaza indlela yokuphepha iingxaki ezifanayo